Paregoric Kid
10-26-2009, 12:19 AM
I was reading about tetrodotoxin, a chemical found in the pufferfish and suspected to be one of the ingredients in Hatian voodoo's zombie powder. well I come across this sentence on wikipedia, Blocking of fast Na+ channels has potential medical use in treating some cardiac arrhythmias. Tetrodotoxin has proved useful in the treatment of pain (originally used in Japan in the 1930s) from such diverse problems as terminal cancer,[9] (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetrodotoxin#cite_note-Hagen_2008-8) migraines, and heroin withdrawal.[10] (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetrodotoxin#cite_note-isbn0-7890-0553-0-9)
pretty crazy, check this out:
Tetrodotoxin reduces cue-induced drug craving and anxiety in abstinent heroin addicts
Jie Shia (http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6T0N-4VS4020-2&_user=10&_rdoc=1&_fmt=&_orig=search&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_searchStrId=1063694248&_rerunOrigin=google&_acct=C000050221&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=10&md5=97a1394b77962cac3e0d7343023010ef#aff1), Ting-Ting Liua (http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6T0N-4VS4020-2&_user=10&_rdoc=1&_fmt=&_orig=search&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_searchStrId=1063694248&_rerunOrigin=google&_acct=C000050221&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=10&md5=97a1394b77962cac3e0d7343023010ef#aff1), Xi Wanga (http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6T0N-4VS4020-2&_user=10&_rdoc=1&_fmt=&_orig=search&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_searchStrId=1063694248&_rerunOrigin=google&_acct=C000050221&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=10&md5=97a1394b77962cac3e0d7343023010ef#aff1), David H. Epsteinb (http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6T0N-4VS4020-2&_user=10&_rdoc=1&_fmt=&_orig=search&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_searchStrId=1063694248&_rerunOrigin=google&_acct=C000050221&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=10&md5=97a1394b77962cac3e0d7343023010ef#aff2), Li-Yan Zhaoa (http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6T0N-4VS4020-2&_user=10&_rdoc=1&_fmt=&_orig=search&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_searchStrId=1063694248&_rerunOrigin=google&_acct=C000050221&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=10&md5=97a1394b77962cac3e0d7343023010ef#aff1), Xiao-Li Zhanga (http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6T0N-4VS4020-2&_user=10&_rdoc=1&_fmt=&_orig=search&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_searchStrId=1063694248&_rerunOrigin=google&_acct=C000050221&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=10&md5=97a1394b77962cac3e0d7343023010ef#aff1) and Lin Lua (http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6T0N-4VS4020-2&_user=10&_rdoc=1&_fmt=&_orig=search&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_searchStrId=1063694248&_rerunOrigin=google&_acct=C000050221&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=10&md5=97a1394b77962cac3e0d7343023010ef#aff1)
aNational Institute on Drug Dependence, Peking University, Beijing 100083, ChinabIntramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
Received 18 November 2008;
revised 14 February 2009;
accepted 24 February 2009.
Available online 5 March 2009.
Abstract
Background
Tetrodotoxin (TTX) is a neurotoxin found in puffer fish and other marine animals. New clinical studies suggest that low-dose TTX can safely relieve severe, treatment-resistant cancer pain. The therapeutic potential of TTX in addiction is supported by studies in laboratory animals. The purpose of this double-blind, placebo-controlled study was to assess the effect of a single intramuscular dose of TTX on cue-induced craving and anxiety in abstinent heroin addicts.
Methods
Forty-five abstinent heroin addicts were randomly assigned to three treatment groups: placebo, 5 µg TTX, or 10 µg TTX. Participants were exposed to a neutral video or a heroin-related video. Craving, anxiety, blood pressure, and heart rate were measured pre- and post-exposure.
Results
Heroin-related cues increased both craving and anxiety and had no effect on blood pressure and heart rate. A single dose of TTX dose-dependently attenuated the increases in craving and anxiety while having no effect on blood pressure or heart rate.
Conclusion
The results suggest that low-dose TTX is acutely effective in reducing cue-induced increases in heroin craving and associated anxiety.
pretty crazy, check this out:
Tetrodotoxin reduces cue-induced drug craving and anxiety in abstinent heroin addicts
Jie Shia (http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6T0N-4VS4020-2&_user=10&_rdoc=1&_fmt=&_orig=search&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_searchStrId=1063694248&_rerunOrigin=google&_acct=C000050221&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=10&md5=97a1394b77962cac3e0d7343023010ef#aff1), Ting-Ting Liua (http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6T0N-4VS4020-2&_user=10&_rdoc=1&_fmt=&_orig=search&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_searchStrId=1063694248&_rerunOrigin=google&_acct=C000050221&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=10&md5=97a1394b77962cac3e0d7343023010ef#aff1), Xi Wanga (http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6T0N-4VS4020-2&_user=10&_rdoc=1&_fmt=&_orig=search&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_searchStrId=1063694248&_rerunOrigin=google&_acct=C000050221&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=10&md5=97a1394b77962cac3e0d7343023010ef#aff1), David H. Epsteinb (http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6T0N-4VS4020-2&_user=10&_rdoc=1&_fmt=&_orig=search&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_searchStrId=1063694248&_rerunOrigin=google&_acct=C000050221&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=10&md5=97a1394b77962cac3e0d7343023010ef#aff2), Li-Yan Zhaoa (http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6T0N-4VS4020-2&_user=10&_rdoc=1&_fmt=&_orig=search&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_searchStrId=1063694248&_rerunOrigin=google&_acct=C000050221&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=10&md5=97a1394b77962cac3e0d7343023010ef#aff1), Xiao-Li Zhanga (http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6T0N-4VS4020-2&_user=10&_rdoc=1&_fmt=&_orig=search&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_searchStrId=1063694248&_rerunOrigin=google&_acct=C000050221&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=10&md5=97a1394b77962cac3e0d7343023010ef#aff1) and Lin Lua (http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6T0N-4VS4020-2&_user=10&_rdoc=1&_fmt=&_orig=search&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_searchStrId=1063694248&_rerunOrigin=google&_acct=C000050221&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=10&md5=97a1394b77962cac3e0d7343023010ef#aff1)
aNational Institute on Drug Dependence, Peking University, Beijing 100083, ChinabIntramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
Received 18 November 2008;
revised 14 February 2009;
accepted 24 February 2009.
Available online 5 March 2009.
Abstract
Background
Tetrodotoxin (TTX) is a neurotoxin found in puffer fish and other marine animals. New clinical studies suggest that low-dose TTX can safely relieve severe, treatment-resistant cancer pain. The therapeutic potential of TTX in addiction is supported by studies in laboratory animals. The purpose of this double-blind, placebo-controlled study was to assess the effect of a single intramuscular dose of TTX on cue-induced craving and anxiety in abstinent heroin addicts.
Methods
Forty-five abstinent heroin addicts were randomly assigned to three treatment groups: placebo, 5 µg TTX, or 10 µg TTX. Participants were exposed to a neutral video or a heroin-related video. Craving, anxiety, blood pressure, and heart rate were measured pre- and post-exposure.
Results
Heroin-related cues increased both craving and anxiety and had no effect on blood pressure and heart rate. A single dose of TTX dose-dependently attenuated the increases in craving and anxiety while having no effect on blood pressure or heart rate.
Conclusion
The results suggest that low-dose TTX is acutely effective in reducing cue-induced increases in heroin craving and associated anxiety.